Bikaner District

Location and Geography

Bikaner district is located in northwestern Rajasthan and covers an area of approximately 30,247 square kilometers, making it one of the largest districts in the state. It is bordered by Punjab and Haryana to the north, Jaisalmer to the southwest, Churu to the east, and Ganganagar to the north. Moreover, the district lies largely in the Thar Desert, resulting in sandy plains, dunes, and arid soil. The climate is typically hot and dry, with very low rainfall. Additionally, the Luni River and small seasonal streams provide limited water for agriculture and settlements. Consequently, Bikaner’s geography influences both lifestyle and economy.

Bikaner District: History

Bikaner was founded in 1488 by Rao Bika, a Rajput prince of the Rathore clan. Later, the city grew as a fortified kingdom, strategically located on trade routes connecting India with Central Asia. Furthermore, Bikaner became known for its forts, palaces, and temples, reflecting Rajput architecture and art. During British colonial rule, it served as a princely state under British suzerainty. After India’s independence in 1947, Bikaner merged into Rajasthan. Therefore, the district has a long historical legacy of trade, defense, and culture, which still influences its urban and rural life today.

Administration and Governance

The district headquarters is located in Bikaner city, the administrative and commercial hub. Administratively, the district is divided into multiple tehsils and panchayat samitis for efficient governance. The District Collector and Magistrate oversee law, order, and developmental activities. Moreover, panchayati raj institutions encourage grassroots participation, while municipal bodies manage urban planning, water supply, and sanitation. Consequently, governance ensures smooth administration across both urban and rural areas.

Bikaner District: Demographics

According to the 2011 Census, Bikaner has a population of approximately 2.36 million. The literacy rate stands at 65%, reflecting gradual educational progress. However, the sex ratio of 906 females per 1000 males indicates a gender imbalance. Additionally, Hindi is widely spoken, while Rajasthani dialects such as Marwari dominate rural areas. Thus, the population exhibits cultural diversity while gradually improving in literacy and development.

Economy, Culture, and Tourism

Economically, Bikaner is known for agriculture, handicrafts, and camel breeding. The district produces wheat, barley, and mustard, while small-scale industries manufacture carpets, textiles, and Bikaner’s famous snacks. Culturally, the city celebrates festivals such as Camel Festival, Diwali, and Gangaur, attracting tourists nationwide. Moreover, attractions like Junagarh Fort, Lalgarh Palace, and Karni Mata Temple showcase its historical and architectural significance. Therefore, Bikaner combines tradition, trade, and tourism, making it one of Rajasthan’s most culturally rich and economically significant districts.