Asigarh Fort

Asigarh Fort, also known as Hansi Fort, is situated on the eastern bank of Amti Lake in Hansi city, Haryana, approximately 135 km from Delhi along NH9. Spanning an area of 30 acres, the fort once controlled 80 surrounding forts, thereby earning its reputation as one of the most formidable and well-defended forts in ancient India. Declared a centrally protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1937, the fort boasts a long and intricate history, with evidence of settlements dating back to the BCE period, as indicated by ancient coin discoveries.

Tomara Dynasty: Builders and Early History

• Foundation by Anangpal Tomar:
  Hansi city was likely founded by Anangpal Tomar (Anangpal II), a Tomar Rajput king of Delhi. Subsequently, the fort became a vital center for regional administration and defense.
• Sword Manufacturing Hub:
  The fort housed a sword manufacturing facility, which was established by Anangpal’s son, Drupad. As a result, the fort earned its alternate name, Asigarh (meaning “fort of swords”). Notably, swords from this facility were even exported to Arab countries, underscoring the region’s strategic and economic importance.
• Conflicts with Ghazni:
  Over the years, the fort witnessed repeated invasions. For instance, in 1014 and 1025, Mahmud Ghazni attacked Hansi, destroyed Hindu temples, and captured artisans and Hindu women, marking a tumultuous period in its history.

Chauhan Dynasty

• During the 12th century, the Chauhan dynasty, led by King Vigraharaja IV, captured Hansi, further enhancing its prominence.
• Additionally, Prithviraj Chauhan, one of the most celebrated Chauhan rulers, made significant additions to the fort, which further reinforced its defensive capabilities.

Muslim Rule

• Following Prithviraj Chauhan’s defeat by Muhammad Ghori in 1192, the fort fell under Muslim rule. Consequently, it became an important stronghold for the Delhi Sultanate.
• Moreover, Qutb-ud-din Aibak’s forces seized control of the fort after the Battle of Bagar, cementing its role in regional power dynamics.

Sikh and Maratha Rule

• In 1705, Guru Gobind Singh visited Hansi, inspiring local communities to resist Mughal dominance. Subsequently, this led to Baba Banda Singh Bahadur’s attack on the fort in 1707.
• Later, in 1736, the Marathas gained control of Hansi. However, during the 1780s, Maharaja Jassa Singh Ramgarhia briefly held the region as a vassal of the Marathas, reflecting the shifting allegiances of the time.

British Colonial Era

• Between 1798 and 1801, George Thomas, an Irish adventurer, made Asigarh Fort his capital, further emphasizing its strategic importance.
• After the Anglo-Maratha Wars in 1803, the British East India Company assumed control of the fort, solidifying their presence in northern India.
• Additionally, Colonel James Skinner, a notable Anglo-Indian military leader, established a cantonment at the fort.
• During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the fort played a pivotal role, witnessing significant resistance and the martyrdom of Lala Hukam Chand Jain.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Asigarh Fort stands as a testament to India’s rich history, reflecting the evolution of power across various dynasties—from the Tomara Rajputs to the Chauhans, Mughals, Marathas, and eventually the British. Moreover, its strategic location and enduring architectural features highlight its significance as both a military and cultural stronghold.

Present Condition

Although the fort now lies in ruins, it remains a site of historical fascination. Currently, it is preserved as a protected monument by the ASI. Consequently, tourists and history enthusiasts continue to visit the fort, delving into its rich and multifaceted legacy.