The Indian Museum, located in Kolkata, West Bengal, is the oldest and largest museum in India. Established in 1814 by the Asiatic Society of Bengal, it is one of the most significant museums in Asia, known for its extensive collection of artifacts, fossils, sculptures, coins, and rare manuscripts. Popularly called “Jadughar” (House of Wonders), the museum attracts history enthusiasts, scholars, and tourists from all over the world.
History & Architecture
- The Indian Museum was founded by Nathaniel Wallich, a Danish botanist, making it the ninth-oldest museum in the world.
- It was initially housed in the Asiatic Society but later shifted to its present location on Jawaharlal Nehru Road (Chowringhee Road) in 1875.
- The museum is a grand colonial-era structure with classical architecture, high ceilings, and large halls.
Major Collections & Galleries
The museum has six sections divided into 35 galleries, displaying exhibits across various disciplines:
1. Archaeology
- Features Ashokan inscriptions, ancient coins, and terracotta artifacts from the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal periods.
- The highlight is the Egyptian mummy, one of the few in India.
2. Art & Paintings
- Houses Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu sculptures from various dynasties.
- Showcases Mughal miniatures and Rajput paintings.
3. Anthropology
- Displays ancient tribal weapons, costumes, and jewelry from different Indian communities.
- A fascinating collection of human fossils and skulls dating back thousands of years.
4. Geology & Paleontology
- Features a massive fossilized dinosaur skeleton.
- Houses rare meteorites, gemstones, and minerals.
5. Zoology
- Displays preserved specimens of rare animals, birds, and insects.
- Includes skeletons of elephants, whales, and prehistoric creatures.
6. Economic Botany
- Showcases medicinal plants, timber samples, and botanical specimens.
Visitor Information
- Location: Near Park Street, Kolkata.
- Timings: Open Tuesday to Sunday (closed on Mondays and public holidays).
- Entry Fee: Affordable, with discounts for students and foreigners.
- Photography: Allowed in some sections with restrictions.
Review
The Indian Museum, Kolkata, is a treasure trove of history, culture, and science. It offers a fascinating journey through India’s past, making it a must-visit destination for those interested in history, archaeology, and natural sciences. Its vast and diverse collection continues to educate and inspire generations, preserving India’s rich heritage.
