According to the 2011 Census of India, Surjapuri was the most commonly spoken first language in the district, used by about 25.86% of the population. Hindi followed with 19.73% speakers, while 12.04% of residents spoke Bengali. Urdu accounted for 9.11% of the population, whereas Santali and Bhojpuri were spoken by 2.97% and 2.29% respectively. In addition, around 25.46% of people reported speaking languages categorized under “Other” Hindi languages in the census. Surjapuri speakers mainly live in the border blocks of Kadwa, Azamnagar, Barsoi, and Balrampur near West Bengal,
Languages in Katihar
Katihar District in Bihar reflects rich linguistic diversity due to its geographical location near West Bengal and its multicultural population. People in Katihar actively use different languages in daily life, administration, education, and social interaction. Among these, Surjapuri, Hindi, and Bengali play a major role in shaping communication, culture, and regional identity. The coexistence of these languages promotes social harmony and cultural exchange across the district.
MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES OF KATIHAR
Surjapuri
Surjapuri remains one of the most widely spoken regional languages in Katihar. Local communities actively use Surjapuri in homes, markets, and villages. The language carries strong cultural roots and reflects the traditions, folk songs, and oral literature of the region. Surjapuri connects people emotionally to their heritage and strengthens community bonds. Despite the growing influence of other languages, speakers continue to preserve Surjapuri through daily conversation and cultural practices.
Hindi
Hindi serves as the primary official and link language in Katihar District. Government offices, schools, courts, and public institutions actively use Hindi for communication and documentation. Students study Hindi as a main subject, which helps them access higher education and employment opportunities. Hindi also connects Katihar with other parts of Bihar and India, making administration and governance more effective. Media, newspapers, and official announcements further strengthen the presence of Hindi in everyday life.
Bengali
Bengali holds a significant place in Katihar due to its close proximity to West Bengal and historical migration patterns. Many families actively speak Bengali at home and within their communities. The language contributes to the district’s cultural richness through literature, music, and festivals. Bengali-speaking populations maintain their linguistic identity while peacefully coexisting with speakers of other languages. This interaction enhances cultural understanding and unity within the district.
Multilingual Harmony and Social Impact
Katihar District demonstrates strong multilingual harmony. People comfortably switch between Surjapuri, Hindi, and Bengali depending on context and audience. This linguistic flexibility improves social interaction, trade, and education. Multilingualism also supports inclusiveness by allowing people from different backgrounds to participate equally in social and economic activities. Schools and social institutions encourage mutual respect for all languages spoken in the district.
Conclusion
Languages in Katihar District reflect its cultural diversity and historical connections. Surjapuri preserves local identity, Hindi ensures administrative unity, and Bengali enriches cultural expression. Together, these languages actively shape communication, social harmony, and cultural continuity in Katihar, making the district a vibrant example of linguistic coexistence in Bihar.