The Eklakhi Mosque, located in Pandua, Malda district of West Bengal, is one of the oldest surviving mosques in Bengal. Builders constructed it in the 15th century, making it an exquisite example of early Indo-Islamic architecture. Historians believe that workers constructed the mosque during the reign of Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, the first Muslim ruler of Bengal to adopt Islam after being born into a Hindu family. The name “Eklakhi” (meaning one lakh) comes from the cost of construction, which people estimated to be one lakh rupees, a significant amount at the time.
Architectural Brilliance
The Eklakhi Mosque represents a fine example of brick-based Islamic architecture in Bengal. Unlike later Mughal structures that extensively used marble and sandstone, the architects primarily used brickwork with terracotta decorations. The mosque’s design is relatively simple yet elegant, with a square-shaped single-domed structure.
The dome rests on thick brick walls, and its curved cornices, a distinctive feature of Bengal’s Islamic architecture, enhance its aesthetic appeal. The mosque has three arched entrances on the eastern façade, allowing sunlight to filter in beautifully. The artisans adorned the interiors with ornamental carvings, floral patterns, and geometric motifs, showcasing their artistic craftsmanship. The mihrab (prayer niche) inside displays intricate designs, indicating Persian and local influences.
Historical Significance
The Eklakhi Mosque holds historical importance as it marks the early phase of Islamic rule in Bengal. According to tradition, people buried Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah inside the mosque along with his wife and son. He played a key role in promoting Islamic culture while embracing the local Bengali traditions. His conversion from Hinduism to Islam represents a crucial moment in Bengal’s history, as it reflects the gradual assimilation of Islamic and Bengali cultures.
Tourist Attraction and Conservation
Today, historians and architecture enthusiasts visit the Eklakhi Mosque to appreciate its well-preserved structure. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) maintains the site to preserve its rich heritage. Its blend of Islamic and Bengali architectural styles makes it a must-visit for those exploring the medieval history of Bengal.
Review
The Eklakhi Mosque is not just an architectural marvel but also a symbol of Bengal’s cultural and religious evolution. Its historical significance, artistic excellence, and serene surroundings make it a remarkable heritage site in Malda.
